Search results for "Growth Morphology"

showing 10 items of 12 documents

Sodium provides unique insights into transgenerational effects of ocean acidification on bivalve shell formation

2016

Ocean acidification is likely to have profound impacts on marine bivalves, especially on their early life stages. Therefore, it is imperative to know whether and to what extent bivalves will be able to acclimate or adapt to an acidifying ocean over multiple generations. Here, we show that reduced seawater pH projected for the end of this century (i.e., pH 7.7) led to a significant decrease of shell production of newly settled juvenile Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum. However, juveniles from parents exposed to low pH grew significantly faster than those from parents grown at ambient pH, exhibiting a rapid transgenerational acclimation to an acidic environment. The sodium composition of…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)Registration number of speciesSalinityTemperateinorganicAlkalinitySodium/Calcium ratioExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedRuditapes philippinarumCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateNorth PacificAlkalinity totalSalinity standard errortotalSodium Calcium ratiopHTemperaturePartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) standard errordissolvedAcid base regulationCarbonate ionLaboratory experimentPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)standard errorContainers and aquaria 20 1000 L or 1 m 2Earth System ResearchContainers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2)Uniform resource locator link to referenceCalcite saturation statewaterGrowth MorphologyContainers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2)Alkalinity total standard errorBenthosUniform resource locator/link to referenceOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCAnimaliaBicarbonate ionTypeTemperature water standard errorCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)SpeciespH standard errorGrowth rateCarbonate system computation flagAcid-base regulationFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonTreatmentAragonite saturation state standard errorPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideSample IDMolluscaGrowth/MorphologySingle speciesBenthic animalsFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCoast and continental shelf

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Seawater carbonate chemistry and growth, physiological performance of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum

2018

Ocean acidification may interfere with the calcifying physiology of marine bivalves. Therefore, understanding their capacity for acclimation and adaption to low pH over multiple generations is crucial to make predictions about the fate of this economically and ecologically important fauna in an acidifying ocean. Transgenerational exposure to an acidification scenario projected by the end of the century (i.e., pH 7.7) has been shown to confer resilience to juvenile offspring of the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. However, whether, and to what extent, this resilience can persist into adulthood are unknown and the mechanisms driving transgenerational acclimation remain poorly understood.…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateRegistration number of speciesCondition indexSalinityBicarbonate ion standard deviationinorganicAlkalinity total standard deviationAlkalinityCalculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)Growth rate standard deviationFugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater standard deviationExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedRuditapes philippinarumCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010PercentageAragonite saturation stateNorth PacificAlkalinity totalδ13C dissolved inorganic carbon standard deviationtotalpHRespirationTemperaturedissolvedLaboratory experimentCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Carbon dioxide standard deviationTemperature water standard deviationContainers and aquaria 20 1000 L or 1 m 2δ13C dissolved inorganic carbonEarth System Researchδ13CContainers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2)Metabolic rate of oxygen standard deviationstandard deviationUniform resource locator link to referenceCalcite saturation stateFugacity of carbon dioxide in seawaterwaterPartial pressure of carbon dioxideGrowth MorphologyContainers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2)Aragonite saturation state standard deviationBenthosUniform resource locator/link to referenceOther studied parameter or processSalinity standard deviationOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCAnimaliaCarbon inorganic dissolved standard deviationCalcite saturation state standard deviationTypeBicarbonate ionCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)SpeciesGrowth rateCondition index standard deviationPartial pressure of carbon dioxide standard deviationMetabolic rate of oxygenCarbonate system computation flagpH standard deviationCarbonate ion standard deviationdissolved inorganic carbonCalculated using seacarb after Orr et al 2018Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonTreatmentPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideMolluscaGrowth/MorphologySingle speciesFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airBenthic animalsδ13C standard deviationCoast and continental shelf

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Seawater carbonate chemistry and somatic and otolith growth relationship of Symphodus ocellatus

2019

Ocean acidification (OA) may have varied effects on fish eco-physiological responses. Most OA studies have been carried out in laboratory conditions without considering the in situ pCO2/pH variability documented for many marine coastal ecosystems. Using a standard otolith ageing technique, we assessed how in situ ocean acidification (ambient, versus end-of-century CO2 levels) can affect somatic and otolith growth, and their relationship in a coastal fish. Somatic and otolith growth rates of juveniles of the ocellated wrasse Symphodus ocellatus living off a Mediterranean CO2 seep increased at the high-pCO2 site. Also, we detected that slower-growing individuals living at ambient pCO2 levels …

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateRegistration number of speciesIdentificationSalinityinorganicAlkalinityExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateChordataAlkalinity totaltotalCO2 ventTime in dayspHPelagosSymphodus ocellatusTemperaturedissolvedLength totalCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Temperature water standard deviationEarth System Researchstandard deviationField observationUniform resource locator link to referencePotentiometric titrationCalcite saturation stateLengthPotentiometricwaterPartial pressure of carbon dioxideSiteGrowth MorphologyAgeUniform resource locator/link to referenceSalinity standard deviationOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCMediterranean SeaAnimaliaTypeSampling dateBicarbonate ionNektonCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)SpeciesCalculated using CO2SYSPartial pressure of carbon dioxide standard deviationCarbonate system computation flagpH standard deviationFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideGrowth/MorphologySingle speciesFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airsense organs

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Seawater carbonate chemistry and kelp densities and coral coverages at three study locations and photosynthesis and calcification of corals measured …

2021

Ocean warming is altering the biogeographical distribution of marine organisms. In the tropics, rising sea surface temperatures are restructuring coral reef communities with sensitive species being lost. At the biogeographical divide between temperate and tropical communities, warming is causing macroalgal forest loss and the spread of tropical corals, fishes and other species, termed “tropicalization”. A lack of field research into the combined effects of warming and ocean acidification means there is a gap in our ability to understand and plan for changes in coastal ecosystems. Here, we focus on the tropicalization trajectory of temperate marine ecosystems becoming coral-dominated systems…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)Net calcification rate of calcium carbonate lightCommunity composition and diversityAlkalinity total standard deviationunique identificationTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedNet calcification rate of calcium carbonateCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Color descriptionRespiration rate oxygenpHRespirationMonthCarbonate ionLaboratory experimentField experimentRespiration rateunique identification URIstandard deviationlightAcropora solitaryensisCalcification/DissolutionCalcite saturation statewaterPartial pressure of carbon dioxideSiteGrowth MorphologyRocky-shore communityAragonite saturation state standard deviationPorites heronensisCarbon inorganic dissolved standard deviationTypeCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)Primary production PhotosynthesisSpeciesBottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L)fungiEvent labeltechnology industry and agricultureCarbonate system computation flagpH standard deviationbiochemical phenomena metabolism and nutritionFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airEntire communitySingle speciesCalcification DissolutionBenthic animalsFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCoralCoast and continental shelfPhotosynthetic efficiencySpecies unique identification (URI)darkIdentificationRegistration number of speciesSalinityTemperateBottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L)inorganicAlkalinityArea localityNet photosynthesis rate oxygenExperimentArea/localityAragonite saturation stateNorth PacificAlkalinity totalBottles or small containers Aquaria 20 LtotalCO2 ventCalcification rate of calcium carbonateTemperaturedissolvedPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Temperature water standard deviationNet photosynthesis rateEarth System ResearchNet calcification rate of calcium carbonate darkField observationgeographic locationsSpecies unique identificationBenthosCnidariaDiameterOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCAnimaliaBicarbonate ionGrowth ratePartial pressure of carbon dioxide standard deviationPrimary production/PhotosynthesisTreatmentCarbon dioxideGrowth/MorphologyRocky shore communityShootsoxygen

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Effects of ocean acidification on embryonic respiration and development of a temperate wrasse living along a natural CO2 gradient

2016

Volcanic CO2 seeps provide opportunities to investigate the effects of ocean acidification on organisms in the wild. To understand the influence of increasing CO2 concentrations on the metabolic rate (oxygen consumption) and the development of ocellated wrasse early life stages, we ran two field experiments, collecting embryos from nesting sites with different partial pressures of CO2 [pCO2; ambient (400 µatm) and high (800-1000 µatm)] and reciprocally transplanting embryos from ambient- to high-CO2 sites for 30 h. Ocellated wrasse offspring brooded in different CO2 conditions had similar responses, but after transplanting portions of nests to the high-CO2 site, embryos from parents that sp…

StageOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateRegistration number of speciesSalinityinorganicYolk area standard errorAlkalinityExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateRespiration rate oxygenChordataAlkalinity totaltotalCO2 ventpHPelagosReproductionRespirationSymphodus ocellatusTemperatureYolk areadissolvedCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Field experimentTemperature water standard deviationTime pointstandard errorRespiration rateEarth System Researchstandard deviationFOS: Medical biotechnologyUniform resource locator link to referenceTime point descriptiveHatchling lengthCalcite saturation statewaterPartial pressure of carbon dioxidedescriptiveGrowth MorphologyFigureUniform resource locator/link to referenceSalinity standard deviationOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCMediterranean SeaAnimaliaEggs areaTypeBicarbonate ionNektonEggs area standard errorCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)SpeciesPartial pressure of carbon dioxide standard deviationCarbonate system computation flagpH standard deviationHatchling length standard errorFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonTreatmentOxygenPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideGrowth/MorphologySingle speciesOxygen standard deviationFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCoast and continental shelf

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Functional consequences of prey acclimation to ocean acidification for the prey and its predator

2016

Ocean acidification is the suite of chemical changes to the carbonate system of seawater as a consequence of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Despite a growing body of evidences demonstrating the negative effects of ocean acidification on marine species, the consequences at the ecosystem level are still unclear. One factor limiting our ability to upscale from species to ecosystem is the poor mechanistic understanding of the functional consequences of the observed effects on organisms. This is particularly true in the context of species interactions. The aim of this work was to investigate the functional consequence of the exposure of a prey (the mussel Brachidontes pharaonis) t…

Condition indexRegistration number of speciesSalinityTemperateBottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L)inorganicAlkalinityBrachidontes pharaonisIncubation durationExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedAssimilation efficiencyEriphia verrucosaBreaking loadCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateAlkalinity totalBottles or small containers Aquaria 20 LtotalpHTemperaturePartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) standard errordissolvedCarbonate ionLaboratory experimentPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)standard errorEarth System ResearchUniform resource locator link to referenceanimal structuresCalcite saturation stateArthropodaLengthwaterGrowth MorphologyFigureBenthosUniform resource locator/link to referenceMediterranean SeaAnimaliaBehaviourBicarbonate ionTime in secondsTypeTemperature water standard errorCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)SpeciespH standard errorCalcite saturation state standard errorGrowth rateBottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L)Calculated using CO2SYSfungiCarbonate system computation flagFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonTreatmentAragonite saturation state standard errorPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideMolluscaGrowth/MorphologyBenthic animalsFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCoast and continental shelfSpecies interaction

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Decline in Coccolithophore Diversity and Impact on Coccolith Morphogenesis Along a Natural CO2 Gradient

2014

A natural pH gradient caused by marine CO2 seeps off Vulcano Island (Italy) was used to assess the effects of ocean acidification on coccolithophores, which are abundant planktonic unicellular calcifiers. Such seeps are used as natural laboratories to study the effects of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems, since they cause long-term changes in seawater carbonate chemistry and pH, exposing the organisms to elevated CO2 concentrations and therefore mimicking future scenarios. Previous work at CO2 seeps has focused exclusively on benthic organisms. Here we show progressive depletion of 27 coccolithophore species, in terms of cell concentrations and diversity, along a calcite saturation …

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateSalinityCommunity composition and diversityinorganicAlkalinityCoccospheres malformedMediterranean Sea Acidification in a Changing Climate MedSeATemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateAlkalinity totaltotalCO2 ventpHPelagosTemperaturedissolvedCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Earth System ResearchmalformedField observationPotentiometric titrationCalcite saturation stateCoccospheresPotentiometricwaterGrowth MorphologyMediterranean Sea Acidification in a Changing Climate (MedSeA)Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCMediterranean SeaBicarbonate ionCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)Calculated using CO2SYSfungiCarbonate system computation flagCoccospheres corrodedFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonBiomass/Abundance/Elemental compositionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airSample IDCarbon dioxidecorrodedEntire communityGrowth/MorphologyPhytoplanktonFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airBiomass Abundance Elemental compositionCoast and continental shelfNumber of species

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Seawater carbonate chemistry and shell mineralogy, microstructure, and mechanical strength of four Mediterranean gastropod species near a CO2 seep

2017

Marine CO2 seeps allow the study of the long-term effects of elevated pCO2 (ocean acidification) on marine invertebrate biomineralization. We investigated the effects of ocean acidification on shell composition and structure in four ecologically important species of Mediterranean gastropods (two limpets, a top-shell snail, and a whelk). Individuals were sampled from three sites near a volcanic CO2 seep off Vulcano Island, Italy. The three sites represented ambient (8.15 pH), moderate (8.03 pH) and low (7.73 pH) seawater mean pH. Shell mineralogy, microstructure, and mechanical strength were examined in all four species. We found that the calcite/aragonite ratio could vary and increased sign…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)IdentificationRegistration number of speciesSalinityTemperateinorganicAlkalinityExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateAlkalinity totalSalinity standard errorPatella caeruleatotalCO2 ventpHCalciteTemperaturePartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) standard errordissolvedCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)standard errorEarth System ResearchField observationUniform resource locator link to referencePotentiometric titrationCalcite saturation stateLengthLocationPotentiometricwaterGrowth MorphologyHexaplex trunculusAlkalinity total standard errorBenthosUniform resource locator/link to referenceOsilinus turbinatusOther studied parameter or processMediterranean SeaOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCAnimaliaBicarbonate ionTypeTemperature water standard errorCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)ForceSpeciespH standard errorCalculated using CO2SYSCarbonate system computation flagFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonElasticityTreatmentAragonite saturation state standard errorPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airAragoniteCarbon dioxideMolluscaGrowth/MorphologySingle speciesBenthic animalsFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airPatella rusticaToughnessCoast and continental shelf

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Insights fromsodium into the impacts of elevated pCO2 and temperature on bivalve shell formation

2017

Ocean acidification and warming are predicted to affect the ability of marine bivalves to build their shells, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Shell formation is an extremely complex process requiring a detailed understanding of biomineralization processes. Sodium incorporation into the shells would increase if bivalves rely on the exchange of Na+/H+ to maintain homeostasis for shell formation, thereby shedding new light on the acid-base and ionic regulation at the calcifying front. Here, we investigated the combined effects of seawater pH (8.1, 7.7 and 7.4) and temperature (16 and 22 °C) on the growth and sodium composition of the shells of the blue mussel, Mytilus edul…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)Registration number of speciesSalinityTemperateMytilus edulisinorganicAlkalinityGrowth rate standard deviationSodium/Calcium ratioExperimentPatinopecten yessoensisTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateNorth PacificAlkalinity totalSalinity standard errortotalSodium Calcium ratiopHTemperaturePartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) standard errordissolvedCarbonate ionLaboratory experimentPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)standard errorContainers and aquaria 20 1000 L or 1 m 2Earth System ResearchContainers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2)standard deviationUniform resource locator link to referenceCalcification/DissolutionPotentiometric titrationCalcite saturation statewaterGrowth MorphologyContainers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2)Alkalinity total standard errorBenthosUniform resource locator/link to referenceOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCAnimaliaBicarbonate ionTypeTemperature water standard errorCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)SpeciespH standard errorGrowth rateCalculated using CO2SYSEvent labelCarbonate system computation flagFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonTreatmentPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideMolluscaGrowth/MorphologySingle speciesCalcification DissolutionBenthic animalsFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCoast and continental shelf

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The impact of ocean acidification and warming on the skeletal mechanical properties of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus from laboratory and field…

2016

Increased atmospheric CO2 concentration is leading to changes in the carbonate chemistry and the temperature of the ocean. The impact of these processes on marine organisms will depend on their ability to cope with those changes, particularly the maintenance of calcium carbonate structures. Both a laboratory experiment (long-term exposure to decreased pH and increased temperature) and collections of individuals from natural environments characterized by low pH levels (individuals from intertidal pools and around a CO2 seep) were here coupled to comprehensively study the impact of near-future conditions of pH and temperature on the mechanical properties of the skeleton of the euechinoid sea …

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)IdentificationSalinityTemperateinorganicAlkalinityAreaExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateMesocosm or benthocosmAlkalinity totaltotalYoung s moduluspHNorth AtlanticTemperatureProportiondissolvedCarbonate ionLaboratory experimentPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Earth System ResearchField observationThicknessEchinodermataCalcite saturation stateLengthwaterYoung's modulusGrowth MorphologyBenthosReplicateDiameterHardnessOther studied parameter or processOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCAnimaliaBicarbonate ionCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)ForceSpeciesHeightTest setCarbonate system computation flagFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonTreatmentPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideParacentrotus lividusGrowth/MorphologySingle speciesBenthic animalsFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCoast and continental shelfSecond moment of area

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